Installing an opener is only necessary if you want urlopen to use that
Python requests get plain text from a url install#
Install an OpenerDirector instance as the default global opener. Ssl.create_default_context() select the system’s trusted CAĬertificates for you. The default opener raises an auditing event urllib.Request with arguments fullurl, data, headers,ĭeprecated since version 3.6: cafile, capath and cadefault are deprecated in favor of context. Parameter to urllib.urlopen, can be obtained by using Proxy handling, which was done by passing a dictionary The legacy urllib.urlopen function from Python 2.6 and earlier has beenĭiscontinued () corresponds to the old ProxyHandler is default installed and makes sure the requests are In addition, if proxy settings are detected (for example, when a *_proxyĮnvironment variable like http_proxy is set), UnknownHandler to ensure this never happens). The default installed global OpenerDirector uses Note that None may be returned if no handler handles the request (though URLopener and FancyURLopener classes, this function The response headers as it is specified in the documentation forįor FTP, file, and data URLs and requests explicitly handled by legacy To the three new methods above, the msg attribute contains theĪttribute - the reason phrase returned by server - instead of See for more detail on these properties.įor HTTP and HTTPS URLs, this function returns a This function always returns an object which can work as aĬontext manager and has the properties url, headers, and status. More information canīe found in _verify_locations(). Point to a directory of hashed certificate files.
cafile should point to a singleįile containing a bundle of CA certificates, whereas capath should The optional cafile and capath parameters specify a set of trustedĬA certificates for HTTPS requests. If context is specified, it must be a ssl.SSLContext instanceĭescribing the various SSL options. Only works for HTTP, HTTPS and FTP connections. The global default timeout setting will be used). The optional timeout parameter specifies a timeout in seconds forīlocking operations like the connection attempt (if not specified, Urllib.request module uses HTTP/1.1 and includes Connection:close header Server, or None if no such data is needed.
Open the URL url, which can be either a string or aĭata must be an object specifying additional data to be sent to the urlopen ( url, data=None, *, cafile=None, capath=None, cadefault=False, context=None ) ¶
The urllib.request module defines the following functions: urllib.request. Is recommended for a higher-level HTTP client interface.
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